home *** CD-ROM | disk | FTP | other *** search
- Network Working Group Keith Moore
- Internet Draft University of Tennessee
- 16 September 1993
-
-
- MIME Content-Types
- For Delivery Status Notifications
-
- draft-moore-mime-delivery-00.txt
-
-
- 1. Status of this Memo
-
- This document is an Internet Draft. Internet Drafts are working
- documents of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), its Areas, and
- its Working Groups. Note that other groups may also distribute working
- documents as Internet Drafts.
-
- Internet Drafts are valid for a maximum of six months and may be
- updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any time. (The
- file 1id-abstracts.txt, available via anonymous ftp from nic.ddn.mil,
- describes the current status of each Internet Draft.) It is not
- appropriate to use Internet Drafts as reference material or to cite them
- other than as "work in progress".
-
-
- 2. Abstract
-
- This memo defines a message format which may be used by a message
- transfer agent (MTA) or internetwork mail gateway to report the result
- of an attempt to deliver a message to one or more recipients. The
- message format utilizies several MIME content-types which are also
- defined by this memo.
-
-
- 3. Introduction
-
- The SMTP protocol [1] requires that an SMTP server provide
- notification of delivery failure, if it determines that a message cannot
- be delivered to one or more recipients. Traditionally, such
- notification consists of an ordinary Internet mail message (in the
- format defined by [2]), sent to the envelope sender address (supplied
- with the SMTP MAIL command), containing a human-readable explanation of
- the error, and at least the headers of the failed message.
-
- Experiences with large mail distribution lists [3] indicates that
- such messages are often insufficient to diagnose problems, or even to
- determine at which host or for which recipients a problem occurred. In
- addition, the lack of a standardized format for delivery notifications
- in Internet mail makes it difficult to exchange such notifications with
- other message handling systems.
-
- This memo defines a MIME [4] based protocol for delivery status
- notifications (DSNs) in Internet mail. This protocol can be used to
- notify the sender of a message of any of several conditions: successful
-
-
-
- K. Moore Expires 16 March 1994 [Page 1]
-
-
- Delivery Status Notifications 16 September 1993
-
-
-
- delivery, failed delivery, message forwarding, or the gatewaying of a
- message into an environment that may not support DSNs.
-
- NOTE: A Delivery Status Notification (DSN) is different from a
- Receipt Notification (RN). A DSN is issued by the mail transport
- system, and indicates whether a message was successfully delivered to a
- recipient's mailbox. A DSN conveys no information about what happens to
- the message after it has reached the mailbox. An RN is issued by a
- recipient's mail reader or message store, and conveys information about
- whether a message has been read by the recipient.
-
- This memo defines the format of a DSN. An extension to the SMTP
- protocol to request DSNs is the subject of another memo [5]. Neither of
- these protocols support receipt notifications. As of this writing,
- protocols for RNs and requests-for-RNs is are yet to be defined.
-
-
- 4. The multipart/delivery-status-notification MIME content-type
-
- The multipart/delivery-status-notification content-type is defined as
- follows:
-
- MIME type name: multipart
- MIME subtype name: delivery-status-notification
- Required parameters: same as in multipart/mixed
- Optional parameters: none
- Encoding considerations: same as in multipart/mixed
- Security considerations: see section 7 of this memo.
-
- The multipart/delivery-status-notification content-type is to be used
- as the top-level content type for any DSN. This content-type up to
- three sub-parts, in the following order:
-
- (1) [required] A text/plain body part containing explanatory text.
- This text may be in any MIME-standard charset.
-
- (2) [required] A message/delivery-report body part containing the
- details of the failed or successful delivery.
-
- (3) [optional] A message/rfc822-fragment body part containing the
- returned contents.
-
- If the "returned contents" body part is present, a Content-ID header
- should be associated with this body part, and the "returned-content"
- parameter of the message/delivery-report body part should indicate the
- content-id of the returned contents.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- K. Moore Expires 16 March 1994 [Page 2]
-
-
- Delivery Status Notifications 16 September 1993
-
-
-
- 5. The message/delivery-report MIME content-type
-
- The message/delivery-report content-type is defined as follows:
-
- MIME type name: message
- MIME subtype name: delivery-report
- Required parameters: none
- Optional parameters: id, returned-content, charset
- Encoding considerations: Any content-transfer-encoding may be
- used. 7BIT is recommended unless an
- alternate charset is required; otherwise,
- use an appropriate encoding for that
- charset.
- Security considerations: discussed in section 7 of this memo.
-
- The "id" parameter contains the envelope message-id of the message
- for which the report is being generated (which may or may not be the
- same as the message-id header).
-
- If the message containing the delivery-report contains the returned
- message, the "returned-content" parameter specifies the MIME content-id
- of that message. If no "returned-content" parameter is supplied, the
- content is not returned.
-
- The "charset" parameter is optional. If it appears, it applies only
- to the "text" fields of the delivery-report, and only if these fields
- are written using the "alternate charset" mechanism defined by STIF. At
- any rate, such charsets must be registered for use with the MIME
- "text/plain" body part type.
-
- The body of the delivery-report consists of one or more (per-
- recipient) records formatted according to STIF [6]. Each record
- consists of the following fields:
-
- orig-rcpt The Internet mail address of the recipient, as originally
- specified by the sender. [optional]
-
- rcpt The electronic mail address of the recipient, from the message
- envelope presented to the MTA or gateway issuing the report.
- [required if orig-rcpt is not present]
-
- mta The Internet domain name of the MTA or gateway generating the
- report. For MTAs and gateways not on the Internet, a unique
- name that reflects the location of the MTA or gateway may be
- used. [required]
-
- date The date of the delivery attempt, in RFC 822 "date-time"
- format. [required for "delivered", "relayed", or "forwarded"
- reports, optional for "failed" reports]
-
-
-
-
-
- K. Moore Expires 16 March 1994 [Page 3]
-
-
- Delivery Status Notifications 16 September 1993
-
-
-
- action One of "delivered", "failed", "relayed", or "forwarded".
- [required]
-
- An action value of "delivered" indicates that the message has
- been successfully delivered to the recipient address specified
- by the sender. (This includes "delivery" to a distribution
- list expander.)
-
- A value of "failed" indicates that the message could not be
- delivered to the recipient.
-
- A value of "relayed" indicates that the message has been
- relayed or gatewayed into an environment that does not
- accepted responsibility for generating delivery reports that
- conform to this specification.
-
- A value of "forwarded" indicates that the message has been
- delivered to the recipient address as specified by the sender,
- and forwarded beyond that destination to one or more
- additional addresses.
-
- The keywords "delivered", "failed", "relayed", and "forwarded"
- may be spelled in any combination of upper and lower case
- characters.
-
- status A 3-digit SMTP reply-code, indicating the delivery status for
- that recipient. Normally this will be the reply-code returned
- by an SMTP server in response to a RCPT command. Reply-codes
- are defined in [1], [5], [7], [8], and other SMTP service
- extension documents. If none of these reply codes is
- appropriate, any of "200", "400", or "500" may be used to
- indicate success, "temporary" failure, or "permanent" failure,
- respectively. [optional]
-
- text Text describing the error. This field ONLY may be in the
- character set specified by the "charset" parameter of the body
- part, if it is written using the "alternate charset" mechanism
- of STIF. If the alternate charset mechanism is not used, or
- if the charset parameter does not appear, the text must be in
- US-ASCII. [optional]
-
- tag Additional information which may be used by internetwork mail
- gateways to allow mapping of DSNs to and from similar services
- in other environments. The contents of the tag are defined by
- the protocol used to request delivery reports. [optional]
-
-
- 6. Conformance and Usage Requirements
-
- An MTA or gateway conforms to this specification if it generates DSNs
- according to the format defined here. For MTAs and gateways that do not
-
-
-
- K. Moore Expires 16 March 1994 [Page 4]
-
-
- Delivery Status Notifications 16 September 1993
-
-
-
- support requests for delivery notification (such as in [5]), it is
- sufficient that delivery failure reports use this format.
-
- An MTA or gateway should NOT generate "delivered", "relayed", or
- "forwarded" DSNs unless specifically requested by the sender, via the
- SMTP extension defined in [5] or some other MTA-level protocol.
-
- MTAs and gateways should not use the "orig-rcpt" field of the
- message/delivery-report content-type unless the mail transfer protocol
- ensures that the address provided is that originally specified by the
- sender of the message. (Ordinary SMTP does not make that guarantee; the
- SMTP extension defined in [5] does.)
-
- DSNs must be returned to the sender of the message, in such a way
- that the notification itself will not "bounce" if delivery of the
- notification fails. (In SMTP, this is accomplished by using an empty
- string as the sender address in the MAIL command.)
-
- This specification places no restrictions on the use of delivery
- notifications by recipient user agents or distribution lists.
-
-
- 7. The message/rfc822-fragment content-type
-
- The message/rfc822-fragment content-type is defined as follows:
- MIME type name: message
- MIME subtype name: rfc822-fragment
- Required parameters: none
- Optional parameters: none
- Encoding considerations: any standard MIME content-transfer-
- encoding may be used.
- Security considerations: none
-
- A message returned in a DSN may have been truncated for any of
- several reasons. If such a message were packaged in a message/rfc822
- content-type, a missing final boundary marker might confuse MIME mail
- readers.
-
- The message/rfc822-fragment content-type is used to label an RFC 822
- (or MIME) message which may not be complete. Unlike a message/rfc822
- content-type, the message/rfc822-fragment content-type is opaque to the
- mail system. In general, mail handling software should not assume that
- such a body part is well-formed according to either RFC 822 or MIME.
-
- Gateways are specifically prohibiting from "taking apart" and
- translating a message/rfc822-fragment message and performing operations
- on its component parts. When necessary, a gateway may apply a content-
- transfer-encoding to the entire contents of an unencoded
- message/rfc822-fragment body part, but it must not attempt to perform
- such transformations on the individual components of the body part.
-
-
-
-
- K. Moore Expires 16 March 1994 [Page 5]
-
-
- Delivery Status Notifications 16 September 1993
-
-
-
- 8. Security considerations
-
- Delivery notifications may be forged as easily as ordinary Internet
- electronic mail. User agents and automatic mail handling facilities
- (such as mail distribution list expanders) that wish to make use of such
- notifications, should take appropriate precautions to minimize the
- potential damage from denial-of-service attacks.
-
-
- 9. References
-
-
- [1] Postel, J., "Simple Mail Transfer Protocol", STD 10, RFC 821,
- USC/Information Sciences Institute, August 1982.
-
- [2] Crocker, D., "Standard for the Format of ARPA Internet Text
- Messages", STD 11, RFC 822, UDEL, August 1982.
-
- [3] Westine, A., Postel, J. "Problems with the Maintenance of Large
- Mailing Lists.", RFC 1211, USC/Information Sciences Institute, March
- 1991.
-
- [4] Borenstein, N., Freed, N. "Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions",
- RFC 1341, Bellcore, Innosoft, June 1992.
-
- [5] Moore, K. "SMTP Service Extension for Delivery Reports", Internet
- Draft "draft-moore-smtp-drpt-00.txt", 16 September 1993.
-
- [6] Crocker, D. "Structured Text Information Format (STIF)", Internet-
- Draft "draft-crocker-stif-00.txt", June 1993.
-
- [7] Klensin, J., Freed, N., Rose, M., Stefferud, E., Crocker. D. "SMTP
- Service Extensions." RFC 1425, United Nations University, Innosoft
- International, Inc., Dover Beach Consulting, Inc., Network
- Management Associates, Inc., The Branch Office, February 1993.
-
- [8] Klensin, J., Freed, N., Moore, K. "SMTP Service Extension for
- Message Size Declaration." RFC 1427, United Nations University,
- Innosoft International, Inc., University of Tennessee, February
- 1993.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- K. Moore Expires 16 March 1994 [Page 6]
-
-
- Delivery Status Notifications 16 September 1993
-
-
-
- 10. Author's address
-
- Keith Moore
- University of Tennessee
- 107 Ayres Hall
- Knoxville, TN 37996-1301
- USA
-
- email: moore@cs.utk.edu
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- K. Moore Expires 16 March 1994 [Page 7]
-
-
- Delivery Status Notifications 16 September 1993
-
-
-
- Appendix: Example delivery notification
-
-
- From: postmaster@netlib2.cs.utk.edu
- To: j.random.user@cs.utk.edu
- Subject: delivery notification
- Content-type: multipart/delivery-notification; boundary=xyzzy
- MIME-Version: 1.0
-
- --xyzzy
- Content-type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii
-
- Your mail message could not be delivered to some of the recipients
- listed below. The message has been returned to you.
-
- --xyzzy
- Content-type: message/delivery-report;
- id="<930624.AA09834@cs.utk.edu>";
- returned-content="<0xffcc8090@netlib2.cs.utk.edu>"
-
- < orig-rcpt: bogus.user@netlib2.cs.utk.edu; status: 550;
- by: netlib2.cs.utk.edu; date: Thu, 24 Jun 1993 18:43:03 -0400;
- action: failed; text: <bogus.user@cs.utk.edu>: no such user; >
- < orig-rcpt: remote.user@netlib2.cs.utk.edu; by: netlib2.cs.utk.edu;
- date: Thu, 24 Jun 1993 18:43:04 -0400; action: relayed;
- text: next-hop MTA does not support delivery reports;>
- < orig-rcpt: big-mailing-list@netlib2.cs.utk.edu; by: netlib2.cs.utk.edu;
- date: Thu, 24 Jun 1993 18:43:07 -0400; action: delivered;
- text: message sent to list recipients;>
- < orig-rcpt: moore@netlib2.cs.utk.edu; by: netlib2.cs.utk.edu;
- date: Thu, 24 Jun 1993 18:43:07 -0400; action: forwarded;
- text: message forwarded to <moore@cs.utk.edu>;>
-
- --xyzzy
- MIME-Version: 1.0
- Content-type: message/rfc822
- Content-id: <0xffcc8090@netlib2.cs.utk.edu>
-
- Received: by netlib2.cs.utk.edu; Thu, 24 Jun 1993 18:43:03 -0400
- To: bogus.user@netlib2.cs.utk.edu, remote.user@netlib2.cs.utk.edu,
- big-mailing-list@netlib2.cs.utk.edu, moore@netlib2.cs.utk.edu
- From: j.random.user@cs.utk.edu
- Date: Thu, 24 Jun 1993 18:42:09 -0400
- Subject: quote
- Message-id: <930624.AA09834@cs.utk.edu>
-
-
- "Don't sweat it -- it's not real life. It's only ones and zeroes."
- -- spaf
-
- --xyzzy--
-
-
-
- K. Moore Expires 16 March 1994 [Page 8]
-
-